Lithium for Longevity: Why Is Everyone Taking It
In recent years, lithium supplementation has gained popularity among health enthusiasts, biohackers, and those seeking to improve cognitive function and mood. Lithium, the mineral not to be confused with the lithium in batteries, is naturally found in drinking water and certain foods. However, the rise in interest largely revolves around lithium orotate, a compound included in popular supplement stacks, such as those created by Novo and Brian Johnson. This article delves into the benefits and potential risks of lithium supplementation and the reasons why so many people are turning to it.
Lithium and Its Neuroprotective Effects
Lithium is not classified as an essential mineral, but rather one that might be essential, much like boron. Despite this, recent research has uncovered its neuroprotective and neurotrophic properties, meaning it supports brain function and the growth of new brain cells. In animal studies, lithium has been shown to increase neurogenesis, a process where new neurons are created, improving overall brain health. Historically, lithium has been used to treat bipolar disorder and mania, and it remains the gold standard for managing these conditions due to its mood-stabilizing effects. It has been shown to reduce manic episodes and depressive symptoms effectively.
Lithium’s Role in Preventing Neurodegeneration
Beyond its psychiatric applications, lithium shows promise in preventing neurodegeneration, specifically in combating conditions like dementia. A retrospective cohort study from 2022, which included elderly individuals from Western populations, found that those who were prescribed lithium had a 44% decrease in the risk of developing dementia compared to those who did not take it. Interestingly, a significant portion of the participants in the study had bipolar disorder, a condition that is often linked with a higher risk of dementia. This finding raises the intriguing possibility that lithium may have protective effects for the brain, even in individuals who are already at a higher risk due to other health conditions.
Research into Lithium’s Effect on Alzheimer’s and Cognitive Decline
Further studies support lithium’s potential in reducing cognitive decline. A 2015 meta-analysis of randomized, placebo-controlled trials suggested that lithium could be beneficial for those suffering from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s disease. The study aggregated data from three clinical trials involving over 230 participants. Results showed that older adults with MCI who were treated with lithium exhibited better long-term cognitive outcomes, even up to 11 to 15 years later. These findings highlight lithium's role in not only protecting the brain but also in potentially reducing the risk of cognitive decline.
Longevity and Mental Health Benefits of Lithium
Lithium’s effects on mental health and longevity extend beyond neurodegenerative diseases. Research has linked higher naturally occurring levels of lithium in drinking water with longevity and lower rates of suicide across multiple regions globally, including Lithuania, Texas (USA), Japan, Denmark, and other European countries. A study conducted in Texas in 1990 showed that counties with lower levels of lithium in their drinking water had higher rates of suicides, homicides, and other violent crimes. Similar results were observed in a 2009 study in Japan, where regions with lower lithium concentrations saw higher crime rates. Although these studies are observational and do not establish a direct cause-and-effect relationship, they point to the intriguing possibility that lithium may have broader behavioral and mental health benefits, possibly through its mood-stabilizing and neuroprotective effects.
The Challenges of Lithium Supplementation
While the benefits of lithium supplementation seem compelling, several important considerations need to be addressed. The recommended intake of lithium is around 1 mg per day, but this varies depending on individual needs and health conditions. There is no established RDA (Recommended Daily Allowance) for lithium, so supplementing it should be done with care. Excessive intake of lithium can lead to toxic side effects, such as cardiovascular complications and low blood pressure. Additionally, lithium should not be used during pregnancy, as it has been shown to increase the risk of cardiac malformations in developing fetuses.
Lithium as a Treatment for Cognitive Impairment
For individuals suffering from cognitive impairment, lithium supplementation may offer some relief. A study demonstrated that 300 micrograms per day of lithium over 15 months could stabilize cognitive decline in patients with Alzheimer’s. The typical therapeutic dose for cognitive impairment ranges between 150 to 600 mg per day, a significant increase compared to the doses used to treat mania and bipolar disorder, where dosages can range from 600 to 1,800 mg per day.
Microdosing Lithium for Mental Health and Well-Being
Interestingly, some individuals, particularly in the biohacking community, are experimenting with microdoses of lithium, typically around 1 milligram per day. While this is considered a relatively small dose, it may still offer benefits in terms of mood enhancement. Many people report feeling a subtle uplift in mood, similar to the effects of mood-stabilizing medications. In a personal experiment, the author of this article took 1 mg of lithium for a short period and noticed a slight improvement in mood, though cognitive function remained unaffected.
Forms of Lithium and Supplementation
When it comes to choosing the best form of lithium supplementation, lithium orotate is considered the most effective, as it is more bioavailable than other forms. The next best form is lithium aspartate. While lithium supplementation may not be considered an essential part of a daily regimen, it could be beneficial for those experiencing mood disorders or chronic low mood. However, due to the absence of a clear daily requirement, lithium supplementation should be approached cautiously.
Conclusion: Is Lithium Right for You?
Lithium is increasingly recognized for its neuroprotective effects and its role in stabilizing mood and cognition. While it is not an essential mineral, research suggests that it may help prevent neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s and reduce the risk of dementia. Its potential impact on mental health, including its connection to longevity and behavioral improvements, makes lithium an exciting area of study. However, it is important to be cautious with supplementation, as excessive amounts can be toxic. As always, it’s recommended to consult a healthcare professional before starting any new supplement, especially one like lithium, where proper dosing is crucial.